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In a bathroom that lacks an exhaust system, natural ventilation is crucial for maintaining air quality and avoiding moisture buildup. The requirement for a minimum openable window area is established in building codes to ensure adequate ventilation.

The correct answer of 3 square feet is significant because it ensures that even in a small space like a bathroom, sufficient fresh air can circulate, which helps to prevent the growth of mold and mildew, as well as reduces odors. This ventilation requirement is essential in promoting a healthy indoor environment and complies with the standards set forth by building codes.

The other options exceed the minimum requirement and are not necessary to achieve proper ventilation in this case. While larger openings can certainly enhance airflow further, 3 square feet serves as the baseline requirement to ensure safety and comfort in hygienic spaces such as bathrooms without mechanical exhaust.